Figure 3.

Markers of insulin signaling. The phosphorylation status of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at Ser307 did not change with doxorubicin treatment (A). The protein level of PDK1 in aged muscles was reduced in response to doxorubicin administration (B). Doxorubicin did not have any effects on the protein abundances of p-Akt^Thr308 (C), p-mTOR^Ser2481 (D), and p-Akt^Ser473 (E) in the aged skeletal muscle. ^$ p < .05, aging effect; *p < .05, doxorubicin effect; ^# p < .05, resveratrol effect; ⁺ p < .05, inhibitor effect; ^p < .05, aging effect within treatment group. Mice were randomly assigned to saline control (SC), doxorubicin and vehicle (DV), and doxorubicin and resveratrol (DR) with sirtinol (DRS) or EX527 (DRE) groups.