Table 1.
Participant Characteristics, Postural Sway Measures, and Muscle Measurements at Baseline
| Men | Women | |
|---|---|---|
| N | 57 | 117 |
| Age at baseline (y) | 83.7 (5.9) | 81.1 (6.5) |
| Body weight (kg) | 79.7 (11.9) | 67.4 (12.2) |
| Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly | 72.4 (43.2) | 88.6 (51.7) |
| Fall in past 6 mo (%) | 17.9 | 13.7 |
| Postural sway and physical function | ||
| RMS of AP motion (mm) | 4.92 (1.60) | 4.00 (1.30) |
| RMS of AP velocity (mm/s) | 21.8 (11.2) | 14.9 (9.2) |
| RMS of ML motion (mm) | 3.28 (1.58) | 2.50 (1.27) |
| RMS of ML velocity (mm/s) | 10.1 (4.2) | 8.9 (2.8) |
| Short Physical Performance Battery | 8.9 (2.9) | 9.2 (2.6) |
| Muscle measurements | ||
| All muscles | ||
| CSA (cm2) | 53.9 (9.5) | 38.1 (6.1) |
| Density (HU) | 23.3 (8.6) | 17.4 (10.1) |
| Paraspinal | ||
| CSA (cm2) | 21.8 (4.3) | 15.7 (2.9) |
| Density (HU) | 27.2 (9.8) | 21.2 (12.1) |
| Posterior abdominal | ||
| CSA (cm2) | 8.2 (2.0) | 5.7 (1.3) |
| Density (HU) | 30.7 (7.2) | 29.7 (8.4) |
| Anterior abdominal | ||
| CSA (cm2) | 20.2 (4.7) | 14.4 (3.0) |
| Density (HU) | 18.4 (11.7) | 11.0 (12.0) |
Notes: AP = anteroposterior; CSA = cross-sectional area; ML = mediolateral; RMS = root mean square; HU = Hounsfield Units.