Table 1.
Characteristics of the Participants With and Without Unplanned Hospitalization Over a 3-Year Period
| Characteristic | All Participants (n = 3,348) | Unpl. Hospitalization (n = 1,125) | No Unpl. Hospitalization (n = 2,223) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (IQR) | 72 (66–84) | 81 (72–90) | 72 (61–79) | <.01 |
| Sex female, n (%) | 2,170 (64.8) | 736 (65.4) | 1,434 (64.5) | .60 |
| MRCI (IQR) | 9 (4–16) | 12 (6–20) | 7.5 (3–14) | <.01 |
| Number of medications (IQR) | 3 (1–6) | 5 (2–7) | 3 (1–5) | <.01 |
| Education*, n (%) | <.01 | |||
| Elementary | 584 (17.4) | 268 (23.8) | 316 (14.2) | |
| High school | 1,644 (49.1) | 579 (51.5) | 1,065 (47.9) | |
| University | 1,088 (32.5) | 267 (23.7) | 821 (36.9) | |
| Living place at home, n (%) | 3,053 (91.2) | 1,008 (89.6) | 2,045 (92.0) | .04 |
| Modified CCI ≥2, n (%) | 748 (22.3) | 340 (30.2) | 408 (18.4) | <.01 |
| Dependent ≥ 1 ADLs†, n (%) | 324 (9.7) | 150 (13.3) | 174 (7.8) | <.01 |
| MMSE‡ (IQR) | 29 (28–30) | 28 (26–29) | 29 (28–30) | <.01 |
| Unplanned hospitalization (one or more) in the previous year, n (%) | 442 (13.2) | 268 (23.8) | 174 (7.8) | <.01 |
| Self-reported pain§, n (%) | 1,165 (34.8) | 442 (39.3) | 723 (32.5) | <.01 |
| Dexterity (can you open jars with lids?)||, n (%) | <.01 | |||
| Yes without trouble | 2,009 (60.0) | 576 (51.2) | 1,433 (64.5) | |
| Yes with aid | 997 (29.8) | 386 (34.3) | 611 (27.5) | |
| No | 204 (6.1) | 109 (9.7) | 95 (4.3) | |
| Receives help to sort medications¶, n (%) | 427 (12.8) | 232 (20.6) | 195 (8.8) | <.01 |
Notes: ADLs = activities of daily living; cont. = continuous; IQR = interquartile range; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; MRCI = Medication Regimen Complexity Index; unpl. = unplanned.
Values are reported as number (%) or as median (IQR).
*education missing for 1.0%.
†ADLs missing for 0.3%.
‡MMSE missing for 0.2%.
§Self-reported pain missing for 3.4%.
||Self-reported ability to open jars with lids missing for 4.1%.
¶Help to sort medication missing for 2.0%.