Table 2.
Characteristics of 1,495 Women at the SOF Year 20 Examination Overall and by Cognition Phenotype
| Characteristic | Overall | Normal Cognition | Mild Cognitive Impairment | Dementia | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 1,495) | (n = 873) | (n = 354) | (n = 268) | ||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 87.6 (3.3) | 87.2 (3.1) | 87.8 (3.3) | 88.8 (3.8) | <.001 |
| African American, n (%) | 173 (11.6) | 86 (9.9) | 51 (14.4) | 36 (13.4) | .037 |
| Education, mean (SD) | 12.8 (2.6) | 13.1 (2.5) | 12.2 (2.6) | 12.5 (2.6) | <.001 |
| Health status, fair/poor/very poor, n (%) | 340 (22.8) | 185 (21.2) | 78 (22.2) | 77 (29.1) | .014 |
| Hospitalization in year prior to Year 20 visit, n (%) | 401 (26.9) | 224 (25.7) | 84 (23.9) | 93 (35.1) | .014 |
| Past smoker, n (%) | 473 (37.1) | 270 (30.9) | 116 (33.0) | 87 (32.8) | .42 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 30 (2.0) | 15 (1.7) | 11 (3.1) | 4 (1.5) | |
| Comorbidity score (0–9), mean (SD) | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.3) | .81 |
| Walks for exercise, n (%) | 606 (41.6) | 375 (43.9) | 149 (43.4) | 82 (31.7) | .002 |
| ≥1 ADL* difficulty, n (%) | 330 (22.4) | 140 (16.2) | 86 (24.7) | 104 (40.2) | <.001 |
| GDS score (0–15), mean (SD) | 2.5 (2.4) | 2.1 (2.1) | 3.0 (2.7) | 3.5 (2.7) | <.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 26.5 (4.9) | 26.6 (4.8) | 26.3 (4.6) | 26.1 (5.3) | .23 |
| Intermediate mobility (SPPB 4–9), n (%) | 799 (53.4) | 481 (55.1) | 192 (54.2) | 126 (47.0) | <.001 |
| Poor mobility (SPPB 0–3), n (%) | 312 (20.9) | 117 (13.4) | 78 (22.0) | 117 (43.7) |
Notes: ADL = Activities of Daily Living; BMI = body mass index; GDS = Geriatric Depression scale; SOF, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery.
*ADLs assessed were bathing, dressing, and transferring.