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. 2016 Jun 1;13:130. doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0599-2

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 11 — Model of Sur1-Trpm4 regulation of Ca²⁺ entry, NFAT and Nos2/NOS2 in TLR4-activated microglia. a, b Depiction of NFAT-mediated expression of Nos2/NOS2 in TLR4-activated microglia under normal conditions (a) and following inhibition of Sur1-Trpm4 by glibenclamide (b). Sur1-Trpm4 normally acts, via membrane depolarization, to regulate Ca²⁺ entry via SKF-96395-sensitive channels (e.g., ROCE), leading to activation of calcineurin (CN) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), resulting in expression of Nos2/NOS2. When Sur1-Trpm4 is blocked by glibenclamide, excess Ca²⁺ enters the cell, preferentially activating CaMKII, which inhibits CN/NFAT and reduces the expression of Nos2/NOS2