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. 2016 May 31;17:238. doi: 10.1186/s12891-016-1094-8

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Macroscopic features and morphological analysis of articular cartilage. a Macroscopic observation of femoral articular cartilage stained with India ink. Typical images of the femoral cartilage surface from each of the four experimental groups. In all groups, cartilage surface seemed to remain smooth and similar India ink dyeability was observed macroscopically. Scale bar: 1 mm. Number of mice is 6 in each group. b Histological observation from each group stained with H&E (n = 6 in each group). Boxed areas in the top panels are magnified and presented in the bottom panels. Scale bar: top 100 μm, middle and bottom 25 μm. Arrowheads in OVX + Run group indicate hypertrophic differentiation of articular chondrocytes. c The chondrocyte cellularity of articular cartilage (%), d the size of each chondrocyte lacunae (μm²), and e chondrocyte density (cells/10⁴ μm²) of the femur and the tibia between groups. Values are means with SEM. Differences among each group were assessed using a Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks followed by Steel-Dwass’s post-hoc test. An asterisk indicates a statistically significant difference between the groups (n = 6)