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. 2016 Jun 1;6:27286. doi: 10.1038/srep27286

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(a) SEM images of the MAPbBr₃ perovskite layer exposed to moisture (left) and air (right). (b) Normalized TA kinetic traces of air- and moisture-exposed MAPbBr₃ films under identical pump fluences. The arrows indicate direction of increasing trap-states densities. (c) Time-resolved PL measurements of these two samples, trap-assisted kinetics traces were marked by dash lines. (d) Lifetimes and corresponding ratios of trap-assisted as well as charge carrier recombination mode for air- and moisture-exposed MAPbBr₃ films.