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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Res. 2015 Mar 14;52:422–439. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.02.011

Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics, Non-shared Variables, by MZ Twin Status

Twins (Imputed, N=578) Full Sample (Unimputed, N=20,715)
Mean SD Range Mean SD Range
Academic Outcomes
    GPA* 2.84 0.76 1.0 - 4.9 2.75 0.77 1 - 4
    PPVT 98.92 14.82 13 - 138 99.67 15.18 13 - 146
Behavioral & Attitudinal
    Substance Use 1.17 1.86 0 - 8 1.29 1.97 0 - 8
    Delinquency 0.11 0.18 0 - 1 0.12 0.19 0 - 1
    Violence −0.01 0.72 −1.9 - 5.5 0.00 0.66 −0.5 - 6.3
    School Effort* 0.48 0.50 0 - 1 0.38 0.49 0 - 1
    Parental Aspirations 7.63 2.96 0 - 20 8.01 2.33 2 - 10
    College Aspirations 4.44 1.03 1 - 5 4.42 1.04 1 - 5
    College Probability 4.15 1.13 1 - 5 4.13 1.16 1 - 5
    No Breakfast 0.19 0.39 0 - 1 0.20 0.40 0 - 1
Extracurricular Participation - -
    All Clubs 2.42 2.63 0 - 28 2.32 2.78 0 - 33
    Academic Clubs 0.94 1.51 0 - 18 0.86 1.55 0 - 18
Network Structure - -
    Density 0.46 0.33 −1.2 - 2.4 0.41 0.20 0.1 - 1
    Centrality 0.78 0.69 0.0 - 4.8 0.78 0.65 0.0 - 4.3
    Popularity* 4.84 4.05 0 - 23 4.32 3.64 0 - 32
Network Content - -
    Interactions 12.46 10.48 −26 - 50 12.65 9.79 0 - 50
    School Effort 3.22 0.62 0.6 - 5.5 3.24 0.41 1 - 4
    School Difficulty 6.18 4.35 −14 - 27 6.29 2.62 0 - 16
    Delinquency 8.06 7.32 −26 - 41 8.22 4.73 0 - 42
    Race Heterogeneity 0.23 0.33 −1.5 - 1.6 0.26 0.23 0.0 - 0.8
    Age Heterogeneity 0.39 0.32 −1.3 - 1.8 0.44 0.20 0.0 - 0.8
    College Probability 6.43 2.44 −6 - 21 6.47 1.46 0 - 8
    Middle Class Probability 5.12 2.22 −5 - 19 5.14 1.36 0 - 8
*

MZ-Full Sample t-test p<.05

NOTE: MZ twin values which are outside the full sample range are the result of imputation procedures.