Table 1.
Twins (Imputed, N=578) | Full Sample (Unimputed, N=20,715) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | |||||
Academic Outcomes | ||||||||||
GPA* | 2.84 | 0.76 | 1.0 | - | 4.9 | 2.75 | 0.77 | 1 | - | 4 |
PPVT | 98.92 | 14.82 | 13 | - | 138 | 99.67 | 15.18 | 13 | - | 146 |
Behavioral & Attitudinal | ||||||||||
Substance Use | 1.17 | 1.86 | 0 | - | 8 | 1.29 | 1.97 | 0 | - | 8 |
Delinquency | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0 | - | 1 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0 | - | 1 |
Violence | −0.01 | 0.72 | −1.9 | - | 5.5 | 0.00 | 0.66 | −0.5 | - | 6.3 |
School Effort* | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0 | - | 1 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0 | - | 1 |
Parental Aspirations | 7.63 | 2.96 | 0 | - | 20 | 8.01 | 2.33 | 2 | - | 10 |
College Aspirations | 4.44 | 1.03 | 1 | - | 5 | 4.42 | 1.04 | 1 | - | 5 |
College Probability | 4.15 | 1.13 | 1 | - | 5 | 4.13 | 1.16 | 1 | - | 5 |
No Breakfast | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0 | - | 1 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0 | - | 1 |
Extracurricular Participation | - | - | ||||||||
All Clubs | 2.42 | 2.63 | 0 | - | 28 | 2.32 | 2.78 | 0 | - | 33 |
Academic Clubs | 0.94 | 1.51 | 0 | - | 18 | 0.86 | 1.55 | 0 | - | 18 |
Network Structure | - | - | ||||||||
Density | 0.46 | 0.33 | −1.2 | - | 2.4 | 0.41 | 0.20 | 0.1 | - | 1 |
Centrality | 0.78 | 0.69 | 0.0 | - | 4.8 | 0.78 | 0.65 | 0.0 | - | 4.3 |
Popularity* | 4.84 | 4.05 | 0 | - | 23 | 4.32 | 3.64 | 0 | - | 32 |
Network Content | - | - | ||||||||
Interactions | 12.46 | 10.48 | −26 | - | 50 | 12.65 | 9.79 | 0 | - | 50 |
School Effort | 3.22 | 0.62 | 0.6 | - | 5.5 | 3.24 | 0.41 | 1 | - | 4 |
School Difficulty | 6.18 | 4.35 | −14 | - | 27 | 6.29 | 2.62 | 0 | - | 16 |
Delinquency | 8.06 | 7.32 | −26 | - | 41 | 8.22 | 4.73 | 0 | - | 42 |
Race Heterogeneity | 0.23 | 0.33 | −1.5 | - | 1.6 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.0 | - | 0.8 |
Age Heterogeneity | 0.39 | 0.32 | −1.3 | - | 1.8 | 0.44 | 0.20 | 0.0 | - | 0.8 |
College Probability | 6.43 | 2.44 | −6 | - | 21 | 6.47 | 1.46 | 0 | - | 8 |
Middle Class Probability | 5.12 | 2.22 | −5 | - | 19 | 5.14 | 1.36 | 0 | - | 8 |
MZ-Full Sample t-test p<.05
NOTE: MZ twin values which are outside the full sample range are the result of imputation procedures.