. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Glob Health Gov. 2010 Spring;3(2):http://blogs.shu.edu/ghg/files/2011/11/Lee_Civil-Society-Organizations-and-the-Functions-of-Global-Health-Governance_Spring-2010.pdf.

Table 1.

Matrix of Functions

Function	Formal/direct	Informal/indirect
Issue linkage	By inter-governmental negotiations By new information provided by epistemic communities Through financial mechanisms (GEF) By IOs (GEO/WEO)	By scientists By business/industry
Agenda setting	By IOs and member states By scientists	By NGOs By media By scientists
Developing usable knowledge	By scientists	By scientists By NGOs By business/industry
Monitoring	By IOs By committees nominated by MEA secretariat By MEA signatory governments	By NGOs (particularly in developing countries) By Scientists
Rule making	Negotiations by national governments By NGOs (principled standards)	By Business/Industry (de facto standards) By NGOs (principled standards)
Norm development	Epistemic communities	By NGOs (equity & environmental preservation) By Business/Industry (efficiency)
Policy Verification	Governments	NGOs IOs
Enforcement	(Hard) Law WTO and MEA rules	NGO campaigns
Capacity building (tech transfer)	Official technical assistance (national and local government) Business/Industry Science community (education/training)	Business/Industry (joint venture)
Capacity building (organizational skills)	By IOs By NGOs Science community (education/training)	By Business/Industry
Promote vertical linkage	IOs National and Local Governments	NGOs Scientific community
Financing	Government (ODA) Regional Development Banks Multilateral bodies	By Business/Industry

Source: Peter M. Haas, Is there a Global Governance Deficit and What Should be Done About It? (Geneva: Ecologic, 2003).