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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Glob Health Gov. 2010 Spring;3(2):http://blogs.shu.edu/ghg/files/2011/11/Lee_Civil-Society-Organizations-and-the-Functions-of-Global-Health-Governance_Spring-2010.pdf.

Table 4.

Functions in the Global Infectious Disease Surveillance Through the International Health Regulations

Function Formal/Direct Informal/Indirect
Issue linkage

  • By national governments (reporting of disease outbreaks)

  • By IGOs (WHO EPR outbreak reporting)

  • By health workers (reporting of disease outbreaks)

  • By business/industry (economic losses incurred as a result of infectious disease threats or responses)
Agenda setting

  • By national governments (need for improved surveillance systems)

  • By IGOs (WHO EPR)
Developing usable knowledge

  • By national governments (national public health systems)

  • By IGOs (WHO EPR development of standards of reporting; coordination and dissemination of data)

  • By CSOs (ProMed, disease monitoring and reporting networks)
Monitoring

  • By CSOs (through ongoing reporting of outbreaks)
Rule making

  • By IGOs (WHO member states revise IHR)

  • By national governments (adoption of national legislation and surveillance systems)

  • By research institutions
Norm development

  • By IGOs (WHO standards setting, nomenclature)
Policy verification

  • By national governments (ministries of health) By IGOs (WHO EPR)

  • By CSOs (disease monitoring and reporting networks)

  • By mass media
Enforcement

  • By IGOs (WHO EPR issuance of travel advisories and restrictions)
Capacity building (technology transfer)

  • By IGOs (WHO Office for National Epidemic Preparedness and Response)

  • By national governments (aid to build surveillance capacity in LMICs)

  • By research institutions (training of health workers/epidemiologists)
Capacity building (organizational skills)

  • By national governments (aid to build surveillance capacity in LMICs)

  • By IGOs (WHO Office for National Epidemic Preparedness and Response)
Promote vertical integration

  • By governments and IGOs (building of national, regional and global networks)
Financing

  • By national governments (health sector aid)