RAD51 foci formation in SLX4/MUS81 defective cells. (A) Left panel, representative images of subnuclear RAD51 foci in SLX4 cells with bi-allelic mutations (mut) or cells complemented with wild-type (wt) protein. Right panel, quantification of results showing the fraction of cells with at least 10 foci at 18 hours after 6 Gy irradiation with either X-rays (X) or protons (P). Foci in untreated cells were subtracted. Various foci number cut-offs to define a positive cell were explored (> 5, 10, 15, 20) and a cut-off of 10 provided the best discrimination consistent with published data ref. Bars represent means +/− SE. (B) Cell cycle distributions determined in parallel to the foci experiments in panel A. (C) Analysis of RAD51 foci formation in the SLX4 dissociation-of-function mutants analogous to panel A. (D) Parallel analysis of γ-H2AX foci formation analogous to panel 1C. *, p≤0.05, paired T-test.