Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants
| Variables | HC (N=33) | NDS (N=43) | DS (N=26) | Statistic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 36.6±5.4 | 40.4±7.6 | 41.1±11.0 | F=2.98; P=0.055 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female, n (%) | 16 (48.5) | 24 (55.8) | 12 (46.2) | χ2=0.72; P=0.069 |
| Male, n (%) | 17 (51.5) | 19 (44.2) | 14 (53.8) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Yes, n (%) | 16 (48.5) | 28 (65.1) | 15 (56.7) | χ2=1.44; P=0.48 |
| No, n (%) | 17 (51.5) | 15 (34.9) | 11 (43.3) | |
| SANS | 22.9±5.9 | 53.3±12.7 | t=−13.30; P<0.001 | |
| SAPS | 25.6±10.5 | 28.0±10.6 | t=−0.88; P=0.37 | |
| BPRS | 20.5±5.4 | 28.6±5.0 | t=−6.10; P<0.001 | |
| Duration of illness (years) | – | 17.1±7.1 | 17.2±6.1 | t=−0.03; P=0.9 |
| Cholorpromazine equivalent dose | – | 348.8±176.5 | 363.4±190.0 | t=−0.31; P=0.75 |
Note: Data presented as mean ± standard deviation unless stated otherwise. Data in bold indicates statistical significance.
Abbreviations: BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; DS, deficit schizophrenia; HCs, healthy controls; NDS, nondeficit schizophrenia; SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SAPS, Scale for The Assessment of Positive Symptoms; –, absent.