Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of the Analytic Sample; Overall and by Race (N=1809)
| Overall | Whites (N=1375) | Blacks (N=434) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Galectin‐3, range in ng/mL | 4.2 to 184.1 | 4.2 to 184.1 | 6.2 to 87.5 | |
| Age, y | 71.0 (5.6) | 71.3 (5.5) | 70.1 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| Female, % | 51.0 | 48.0 | 60.4 | <0.001 |
| Black, % | 24.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (BMI), % | <0.001 | |||
| Normal weight (<25 kg/m2) | 23.9 | 26.3 | 16.4 | |
| Overweight (25–30 kg/m2) | 41.8 | 42.7 | 38.9 | |
| Obese (>30 kg/m2) | 34.3 | 31.1 | 44.7 | |
| Mean (SD) BMI | 28.7 (5.1) | 28.2 (4.8) | 30.1 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, % | <0.001 | |||
| Never smoked | 45.6 | 43.6 | 51.6 | |
| Current smoker | 8.8 | 8.1 | 11.1 | |
| Former smoker | 45.6 | 48.2 | 37.3 | |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD) in mg/dL | 193.1 (41.0) | 190.7 (40.7) | 200.5 (41.0) | <0.001 |
| High total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL), % | 41.0 | 38.8 | 48.2 | <0.001 |
| HDL, mean (SD) in mg/dL | 49.2 (14.5) | 48.6 (14.6) | 51.4 (14.1) | <0.001 |
| Low HDL cholesterol, %* | 40.9 | 42.5 | 35.7 | 0.013 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) in mm Hg | 127.2 (18.9) | 126.5 (18.4) | 129.3 (20.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, %† | 74.8 | 72.1 | 83.6 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c %, mean (SD) | 5.8 (0.8) | 5.7 (0.6) | 6.2 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, %‡ | 32.9 | 29.2 | 44.7 | <0.001 |
| Low eGFR (<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2), % | 19.7 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 0.614 |
| Cardiovascular disease at baseline, % | 14.7 | 15.6 | 11.8 | 0.046 |
eGFR indicates estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.
a
Low HDL cholesterol is defined as <40 mg/dL for men and <50 mg/dL for women.
b
Hypertension is defined as diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, or blood pressure–lowering medication use.
c
Diabetes is defined as self‐report doctor diagnosed or medication use, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%.