Table 5.
Fully Adjusteda Hazard Ratios (HRs) for Events; by Baseline Galectin‐3 Modeled as a Categorical and Continuous Exposure (Unweighted N=1809); Stratified by Race and Using Race‐Specific Quartiles
| Galectin‐3, ng/mL | White (N=1375) | Black (N=434) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N | HR | P Value | n/N | HR | P Value | |
| Composite outcome (heart failure or death) | ||||||
| Categorical exposure | ||||||
| Quartile 1 | 33/344 | 1 (ref) | — | 20/109 | 1 (ref) | — |
| Quartile 2 | 54/344 | 1.43 (0.82–2.51) | 0.21 | 12/108 | 0.82 (0.34–2.00) | 0.668 |
| Quartile 3 | 57/344 | 1.48 (0.84–2.61) | 0.174 | 15/109 | 0.46 (0.20–1.08) | 0.074 |
| Quartile 4 | 97/343 | 2.15 (1.20–3.88) | 0.01 | 25/108 | 0.83 (0.38–1.82) | 0.638 |
| P‐value for trend | 0.014 | 0.409 | ||||
| Continuous exposure | ||||||
| log(Galectin 3) | 241/1375 | 1.70 (1.10–2.63) | 0.016 | 72/434 | 0.60 (0.18–2.01) | 0.408 |
| Heart failure | ||||||
| Categorical exposure | ||||||
| Quartile 1 | 14/344 | 1 (ref) | — | 14/109 | 1 (ref) | — |
| Quartile 2 | 24/344 | 2.49 (1.08–5.71) | 0.032 | 7/108 | 0.78 (0.25–2.48) | 0.677 |
| Quartile 3 | 31/344 | 2.38 (1.00–5.68) | 0.05 | 12/109 | 0.58 (0.22–1.55) | 0.276 |
| Quartile 4 | 49/343 | 2.86 (1.13–7.25) | 0.027 | 16/108 | 0.89 (0.35–2.29) | 0.813 |
| P‐value for trend | 0.095 | 0.702 | ||||
| Continuous exposure | ||||||
| log(Galectin 3) | 118/1375 | 1.74 (0.96–3.15) | 0.069 | 49/434 | 0.75 (0.18–3.04) | 0.685 |
| Death | ||||||
| Categorical exposure | ||||||
| Quartile 1 | 21/344 | 1 (ref) | — | 12/109 | 1 (ref) | — |
| Quartile 2 | 37/344 | 1.05 (0.53–2.09) | 0.889 | 8/108 | 0.90 (0.33–2.42) | 0.828 |
| Quartile 3 | 38/344 | 1.19 (0.61–2.32) | 0.609 | 6/109 | 0.23 (0.07–0.72) | 0.012 |
| Quartile 4 | 70/343 | 1.91 (0.94–3.87) | 0.073 | 20/108 | 1.14 (0.48–2.71) | 0.767 |
| P‐value for trend | 0.054 | 0.782 | ||||
| Continuous exposure | ||||||
| log(Galectin 3) | 166/1375 | 1.79 (1.05–3.03) | 0.032 | 46/434 | 0.79 (0.19–3.24) | 0.740 |
ARIC indicates Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.
White galectin‐3 Quartiles (ng/mL): 4.2 to 11.2, >11.2 to 13.4, >13.4 to 16.4, >16.4 to 184.1. Black galectin‐3 Quartiles (ng/mL): 6.2 to 12, >12 to 14.8, >14.8 to 17.6, >17.6 to 87.5
Adjusted for age (years), race‐center (whites–Washington County; whites–Minneapolis; blacks–Jackson; blacks–Forsyth County, whites–Forsyth County), sex (male or female), smoking status (current, former, or never), mean systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), mean diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg), antihypertensive medication use (yes or no), total cholesterol (mg/dL), HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), diabetes status (self‐reported history, medication use, glucose, HbA1c), and eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2). Note that Cox models are weighted, where the number observed to be at risk (N=1809) is reweighted to reflect the entire available ARIC cohort (N=4731) using a stratified sampling design.