Table 2.
Adjusted Hazard Ratios (95% CI) for the Association of Trauma Exposure and PTSD Symptoms With Risk of Incident Venous Thromboembolism (960 Self‐Reported Events), 1989–2011
| No Trauma | Trauma‐Exposed | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Symptoms | 1 to 3 Symptoms | 4 to 5 Symptoms | 6 to 7 Symptoms | ||
| Cases, n (person‐y) | 144 (280 907) | 520 (567 661) | 117 (148 868) | 102 (92 408) | 77 (59 083) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | |||||
| Model 1: Age‐adjusted model | 1 (ref) | 1.73 (1.44–2.08) | 1.44 (1.13–1.85) | 2.04 (1.58–2.63) | 2.44 (1.85–3.23) |
| Model 2: Minimally adjusted modela | 1 (ref) | 1.72 (1.43–2.08) | 1.44 (1.12–1.84) | 2.00 (1.55–2.59) | 2.42 (1.83–3.20) |
| Model 3: Fully adjusted modelb | 1 (ref) | 1.60 (1.33–1.93) | 1.26 (0.98–1.62) | 1.65 (1.27–2.15) | 1.90 (1.43–2.54) |
PTSD indicates posttraumatic stress disorder.
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, parental education, parental history of myocardial infarction, and age 5 somatotype.
Additionally adjusted for parity, oral contraceptive use, nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use, menopausal status and hormone therapy use, antidepressant use, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction or angina), cancer (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer), type 2 diabetes mellitus, rheumatologic disease (rheumatoid arthritis or systematic lupus erythematosus), body mass index, physical activity, diet quality, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption.