Table 5.
Patient Groups Identified by Using CART Analysis
| Patient Group | Group Characteristics | Possible Additional Risk Factors [% Patient Group] | No. of Patients | No. (%) of Adverse Events | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Development Set | Test Set | Entire Dataset | Development Set | Test Set | Entire Dataset | |||
| 1 | Neurodevelopmental condition(s) |
May also have: Congenital anomalies [52%] HLHS, UVH/PA+IVS [17%] LOS >1 mo [26%] |
192 | 115 | 307 | 53 (28%) | 22 (19%) | 75 (24%) |
| 2 |
No neurodev. conditions VSD/other Congenital anomalies LOS >1 mo |
— | 95 | 76 | 171 | 20 (21%) | 21 (28%) | 41 (24%) |
| 3 |
No neurodev. conditions HLHS, UVH/PA+IVS |
May also have: congenital anomalies [10%] LOS >1 mo [20%] |
524 HLHS=219 UVH/PA+IVS=305 |
344 HLHS=147 UVH/PA+IVS=197 |
868 HLHS=366 UVH/PA+IVS=502 |
82 (16%) HLHS=37 (17%) UVH/PA+IVS=45 (15%) |
50 (15%) HLHS=28 (19%) UVH/PA+IVS=22 (11%) |
132 (15%) HLHS=65 (18%) UVH/PA+IVS=67 (13%) |
| 4 |
No neurodev. conditions VSD/other No congenital anomalies LOS >1 mo |
— | 189 | 135 | 324 | 20 (11%) | 10 (7%) | 30 (9%) |
| 5 |
No neurodev. conditions VSD/other Congenital anomalies LOS <1 mo |
— | 701 | 494 | 1195 | 60 (9%) | 43 (9%) | 103 (9%) |
| 6 |
No neurodev. conditions VSD/other No congenital anomalies LOS <1 mo |
— | 2898 | 1880 | 4778 | 88 (3%) | 45 (2%) | 133 (3%) |
We list the patient characteristics that define each group in terms of combinations of ≥1 of the following: absence/presence of neurodevelopmental (neurodev.) condition; absence/presence of congenital anomaly; low‐risk/high‐risk primary cardiac diagnosis; index length of stay >1 or <1 month. For each group, the number of patients and occurrence of adverse events in the development, test, and overall data set are provided. For patient group 3, figures are also provided for the 2 subcategories of primary cardiac diagnosis within the high‐risk group, namely hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) or functionally univentricular heart (UVH)/pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA+IVS). CART indicates classification and regression tree; LOS, length of stay (index admission).