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Stimulation of AMPK improves urine concentration in the absence of the vasopressin receptor. Urine osmolality is shown for 1-h urine samples collected from V2R knockout mice without (open bars) and with (filled bars) 600 mg/kg metformin treatment for 0, 1, and 5 h. Bars: means ± SE, n = 4, *P < 0.05.
