Figure 2.

Computational and experimental characterization of the acoustofluidic system. (A) Pressure (left) and temperature (right) maps for the fundamental frequency (1.025MHz) of the FUS transducer. Pressure map was measured with a calibrated hydrophone in the water. The temperature was mapped using a thermochromic film with 2 °C dynamic range. Scalebar is 2mm. (B) Spatial profiles of FUS amplitude (blue) and temperature (green) for the fundamental (left) and third harmonic (right). FUS amplitude was normalized by the maximum value. (C) Controller block diagram. (D) Temperature recording from the thermocouple in response to FUS pulses. Feedback control was used for all temperature measurements in our experiments. (E) Voltage trace (top) and spectrum (bottom) of microbubble acoustic emissions recorded by the pressure sensor in response to a FUS pulse. Temperature and pressure sensors are located in the center of the heated region in Figure 2A. (F) Simulations of concentration distribution of the released drug at time 0 (top) and 60min (bottom). (G) Measured and computed temporal evolution of drug concentration 100μm from the initial drug-release area. (H) Concentration profiles within the cell chamber at t=60min. Concentration values were normalized by the maximum value in the drug-release area.