Table 1.

Effect of playback treatments on the three response variables

Model	AICc	df	Fixed effects	χ2	P value	N
Proportion of group vigilant
Basic = best model: treatment	156.9	6	Treatment	53.5	<0.01	64
Intercept model	203.3	3
Latency to resume normal behavior
Basic = best model: treatment	242.9	6	Treatment	36.3	<0.001	64
Intercept model	272.2	3
Movement behavior
Basic = best model: treatment + time + treatment × time	149.0	10	Treatment	97.2	<0.001
			Time	34.9	<0.001	378
			Treatment × time	23.6	<0.001
Intercept model	241.2	3

Basic models included all fixed and random effects, intercept models included only the random effects, and best models included only the significant fixed effects based on AICc selection as well as the random effects. Listed fixed effects represent the test statistics of the significant factors according to the model selection. Playback experiments were conducted on 16 groups, with each group receiving all playback treatments.