Fig. 1.

Early spring gains (A, March–April) and late summer reductions (B, July–August) in the Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR; %), an indicator for vegetation activity, in the year 2012 relative to 2001–2014. Grid cells with a long-term mean FAPAR below 10% are shown in gray. The JRC-TIP (Joint Research Centre Two-Stream Inversion Package) FAPAR dataset based on satellite broadband albedo observations (20) is provided by The Inversion Lab and the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.