Table 3.
Bone parameters of the distal radius in non-fractured controls and low- and moderate-energy fracture cases and all fracture cases. Values are mean (95 % CI) adjusted for maturity (Tanner stage), height, ethnicity, and % body fat
| Controls | Low energy | Moderate energy | All cases | p valueb | p valuec | p valued | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girls | n=61 | n=22 | n=25 | n=47 | |||
| FLoad (N) | 1189 (1121, 1257) | 945 (829, 1060) | 1074 (968, 1180) | 1015 (937, 1094) | 0.002 | 0.113 | 0.005 |
| UStress (MPa) | 20.7 (18.9, 22.5) | 13.8 (10.8, 16.9) | 18.4 (15.6, 21.2) | 16.3 (14.2, 18.4) | 0.001 | 0.151 | 0.003 |
| Fall load (N)a | 2523 (2507, 2539) | 2576 (2550, 2603) | 2543 (2519, 2568) | 2559 (2540, 2577) | 0.001 | 0.091 | 0.002 |
| Load-to-strength ratio | 2.35 (2.20, 2.49) | 2.80 (2.55, 3.05) | 2.55 (2.32, 2.77) | 2.66 (2.49, 2.83) | 0.006 | 0.204 | 0.017 |
| Tt.Ar (mm2) | 203.4 (196.3, 210.5) | 215.4 (203.3, 227.5) | 199.8 (188.8, 210.8) | 206.9 (198.6, 215.1) | 0.081 | 0.806 | 0.411 |
| Tt.BMD (mg HA/cm3) | 232.1 (223.2, 241.0) | 200.8 (185.7, 215.9) | 220.7 (206.9, 234.5) | 211.6 (201.3, 222.0) | 0.001 | 0.142 | 0.005 |
| BV/TV | 0.142 (0.137, 0.148) | 0.128 (0.119, 0.137) | 0.135 (0.126, 0.144) | 0.132 (0.125, 0.138) | 0.032 | 0.220 | 0.042 |
| Tb.Th (mm) | 0.068 (0.066, 0.070) | 0.061 (0.057, 0.065) | 0.065 (0.062, 0.069) | 0.063 (0.061, 0.066) | 0.006 | 0.175 | 0.015 |
| Tb.Sp (mm) | 0.416 (0.404, 0.429) | 0.419 (0.398, 0.441) | 0.424 (0.404, 0.443) | 0.422 (0.407, 0.436) | 0.786 | 0.535 | 0.568 |
| Tb.N (mm−1) | 2.09 (2.04, 2.14) | 2.09 (2.01, 2.18) | 2.07 (1.99, 2.15) | 2.08 (2.02, 2.14) | 0.996 | 0.705 | 0.802 |
| Ct.BMD (mg HA/cm3) | 572.0 (556.7, 587.2) | 518.7 (492.7, 544.6) | 559.7 (536.0, 583.4) | 541.0 (523.2, 558.9) | 0.001 | 0.264 | 0.008 |
| Ct.Th (mm) | 0.54 (0.52, 0.57) | 0.44 (0.39, 0.49) | 0.51 (0.47, 0.55) | 0.48 (0.45, 0.51) | <0.001 | 0.101 | 0.001 |
| Ct.Po (%) | 3.53 (3.21, 3.84) | 3.07 (2.54, 3.61) | 3.39 (2.90, 3.88) | 3.25 (2.89, 3.60) | 0.145 | 0.746 | 0.296 |
| Boys | n=74 | n=29 | n=59 | n=88 | |||
| FLoad (N) | 1579 (1484, 1674) | 1417 (1264, 1570) | 1435 (1330, 1541) | 1429 (1343, 1516) | 0.080 | 0.101 | 0.047 |
| UStress (MPa) | 22.2 (20.4, 24.1) | 19.5 (16.5, 22.4) | 21.0 (18.9, 23.0) | 20.5 (18.8, 22.2) | 0.041 | 0.314 | 0.101 |
| Fall load (N)a | 2633 (2616, 2650) | 2646 (2618, 2673) | 2633 (2614, 2652) | 2637 (2622, 2653) | 0.309 | 0.934 | 0.617 |
| Load-to-strength ratio | 1.87 (1.75, 2.00) | 2.03 (1.84, 2.23) | 1.95 (1.82, 2.09) | 1.98 (1.87, 2.09) | 0.166 | 0.562 | 0.303 |
| Tt.Ar (mm2) | 254.4 (245.4, 263.4) | 255.1 (240.6, 269.5) | 245.3 (235.3, 255.3) | 248.4 (240.2, 256.7) | 0.599 | 0.282 | 0.557 |
| Tt.BMD (mg HA/cm3) | 244.8 (235.4, 254.1) | 231.0 (216.0, 246.1) | 236.4 (226.1, 246.8) | 234.7 (226.2, 243.2) | 0.076 | 0.386 | 0.158 |
| BV/TV | 0.154 (0.148, 0.160) | 0.149 (0.140, 0.159) | 0.148 (0.141, 0.155) | 0.148 (0.143, 0.154) | 0.280 | 0.220 | 0.164 |
| Tb.Th (mm) | 0.072 (0.069, 0.074) | 0.069 (0.065, 0.072) | 0.069 (0.066, 0.071) | 0.069 (0.067, 0.071) | 0.136 | 0.135 | 0.077 |
| Tb.Sp (mm) | 0.398 (0.387, 0.410) | 0.395 (0.377, 0.414) | 0.401 (0.388, 0.413) | 0.399 (0.389, 0.409) | 0.891 | 0.704 | 0.729 |
| Tb.N (mm−1) | 2.15 (2.11, 2.20) | 2.18 (2.10, 2.25) | 2.15 (2.10, 2.21) | 2.16 (2.12, 2.20) | 0.874 | 0.918 | 0.992 |
| Ct.BMD (mg HA/cm3) | 583.0 (570.0, 596.0) | 559.7 (538.8, 580.7) | 578.6 (564.2, 593.1) | 572.6 (560.6, 584.5) | 0.072 | 0.978 | 0.455 |
| Ct.Th (mm) | 0.60 (0.57, 0.64) | 0.54 (0.49, 0.59) | 0.57 (0.54, 0.61) | 0.56 (0.53, 0.59) | 0.037 | 0.442 | 0.142 |
| Ct.Po (%) | 4.59 (4.25, 4.94) | 4.70 (4.14, 5.26) | 4.03 (3.65, 4.42) | 4.25 (3.93, 4.57) | 0.954 | 0.029 | 0.096 |
Girls: n=108; controls n=61, low-energy fracture cases n=22, moderate-energy fracture cases n=25; boys: n=162; controls n=74, low-energy fracture cases n=29, moderate-energy fracture cases n=59
FLoad failure load, UStress ultimate stress, fall load estimated fall load, Tt.Ar total bone area, Tt.BMD total bone mineral density, BV/TV bone volume fraction, Tb.Th trabecular thickness, Tb.Sp trabecular separation, Tb.n trabecular number, Ct.BMD cortical BMD, Ct.Th cortical thickness, Ct.Po cortical porosity
Fall load not adjusted for height
Maturity, height, ethnicity, and % body fat adjusted difference between controls vs. low-energy cases
Maturity, height, ethnicity, and % body fat adjusted difference between controls vs. moderate-energy cases
Maturity, height, ethnicity, and % body fat adjusted difference between controls vs. all cases