Table 1.

Stressors Reported by Smoking and Non-Smoking Mothers During Pregnancy and at the 5-Year Follow-up

%	Prenatal Time Point			5 Year Time Point
	PTE	Non – PTE	p	PTE	Non – PTE	p
Medicaid support	84.42	82.01	.58	78.43	78.42	.99
Unemployed	6.49	5.76	.79	14.38	10.79	.36
Household crowding	5.19	5.04	.95	11.18	8.63	.47
Low Maternal Education	16.88	4.32	<.001	11.76	4.32	.02
No caregiving partner	14.29	9.35	.19	41.18	28.78	.02
High financial stress	35.06	29.71	.33	27.27	23.02	.40
High home & neighborhood stress	29.22	26.47	.50	22.08	23.74	.74
High physical health stress	.65	1.45	.60	2.60	2.88	.88
High family-related stress	17.53	17.39	.97	27.27	23.02	.40
High friend-related stress	18.18	9.42	.03	18.18	13.77	.31
High negative live events	53.90	39.13	.01	41.56	25.9	<.01
High cumulative stress	56.58	38.85	<.01	54.61	44.20	.08
M (SD) Cumulative stress score	2.82 (1.73)	2.26 (1.73)	<.01	3.02 (2.07)	2.47 (1.73)	.01

Note. PTE: Prenatal tobacco exposure; Unemployed: No member of household currently employed; Household crowding: Resident to room ratio >1; Low maternal education: < High school education; High cumulative stress: > 3 stressors