Table 1. Characteristics of the nondiabetic SAFDS subjects distributed across 27 families.
| Distributional properties of the phenotypes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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| Variable | Sample size | Mean ± s.d. or % | Skewness | Kurtosis |
| Number | 323 | — | — | — |
| Females | 187 | 58% | — | — |
| Age (years) | 323 | 38.3 ± 15.4 | — | — |
| Fasting-specific insulin (pmol/l) | 293 | 138 ± 86 | 1.1 | 0.9 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/1) | 323 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
| ln HOMA-IR | 290 | 3.8 ± 0.7 | 0.0 | −0.9 |
| ln HOMA-β | 293 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | −0.0 | −0.6 |
| ln Triglycerides | 311 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 0.4 | −0.3 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 309 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 292 | 22.2 ± 17.6 | 1.4 | 1.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 317 | 29.4 ± 6.6 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
| Sum of skinfold thickness (mm) | 319 | 174.0 ± 56.3 | 0.2 | −0.4 |
| Waist circumference (mm) | 317 | 946 ± 171 | 0.7 | 0.5 |
β, beta-cell function (insulin secretion); HOMA, homeostasis model assessment (24); IR, insulin resistance; ln, natural log- transformed; SAFDS, San Antonio Family Diabetes Study.