Table 2.
Factor structure derived from Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for acoustic measures extracted from the first three cry utterances.
| (A) Utterance 1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Total energy SD | 0.913 | ||||
| Energy band 1 SD | 0.911 | ||||
| Energy band 2 SD | 0.69 | ||||
| Energy band 3 SD | 0.666 | ||||
| Energy band 4 SD | 0.848 | ||||
| Energy band 5 SD | 0.838 | ||||
| Energy band 6 SD | 0.832 | ||||
| Average pitch | 0.79 | ||||
| Max pitch | 0.758 | ||||
| Min pitch | 0.417 | ||||
| Pitch SD | 0.488 | 0.563 | |||
| Average hyperpitch | 0.894 | ||||
| Max hyperpitch | 0.907 | ||||
| Min hyperpitch | 0.853 | ||||
| Hyperpitch SD | 0.545 | ||||
| Voiced amplitude average | 0.602 | ||||
| High-Voiced amplitude average | 0.915 | ||||
| Formant 1 average | 0.819 | ||||
| Formant 1 max | 0.698 | ||||
| Formant 1 min | 0.62 | ||||
| Formant 1 SD | 0.454 | −0.413 | |||
| Formant 2 average | 0.791 | ||||
| Formant 2 max | 0.611 | 0.764 | |||
| % Fricative frames | 0.564 | 0.545 | |||
| % Long fricative segments | 0.474 | ||||
| % Voiced frames | 0.482 | −0.489 | |||
| PCA RESULTS | |||||
| Eigenvalue | 6.12 | 4.94 | 3.39 | 2.62 | 2.47 |
| Variance explained | 21.9% | 17.6% | 12.1% | 9.4% | 8.8% |
| (B) Utterance 2 | |||||
| Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Total energy SD | 0.866 | ||||
| Energy band 1 SD | 0.893 | ||||
| Energy band 2 SD | 0.579 | ||||
| Energy band 3 SD | 0.837 | ||||
| Energy band 4 SD | 0.865 | ||||
| Energy band 5 SD | 0.801 | ||||
| Energy band 6 SD | 0.74 | ||||
| Average pitch | 0.844 | ||||
| Max pitch | 0.825 | ||||
| Min pitch | 0.582 | ||||
| Pitch SD | 0.526 | 0.523 | |||
| Average hyperpitch | 0.864 | ||||
| Max hyperpitch | 0.872 | ||||
| Min hyperpitch | 0.832 | ||||
| Hyperpitch SD | 0.639 | ||||
| Voiced amplitude average | 0.838 | ||||
| High–Voiced amplitude average | 0.850 | ||||
| Formant 1 average | 0.79 | ||||
| Formant 1 max | 0.684 | ||||
| Formant 1 min | 0.635 | ||||
| Formant 1 SD | – | – | – | – | – |
| Formant 2 average | 0.781 | ||||
| Formant 2 max | 0.402 | 0.700 | |||
| % Fricative frames | –0.463 | 0.438 | 0.629 | ||
| % Long fricative segments | –0.412 | 0.636 | |||
| % Voiced frames | 0.693 | –0.408 | |||
| PCA RESULTS | |||||
| Eigenvalue | 6.72 | 5.21 | 3.39 | 2.76 | 2.01 |
| Variance explained | 23.9% | 18.6% | 12.1% | 9.9% | 7.2% |
| (C) UTTERANCE 3 | |||||
| Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| Total energy SD | 0.934 | ||||
| Energy band 1 SD | 0.938 | ||||
| Energy band 2 SD | 0.459 | –0.434 | 0.489 | ||
| Energy band 3 SD | 0.657 | 0.500 | |||
| Energy band 4 SD | 0.901 | ||||
| Energy band 5 SD | 0.867 | ||||
| Energy band 6 SD | 0.81 | ||||
| Average pitch | 0.502 | –0.62 | |||
| Max pitch | 0.583 | 0.407 | –0.409 | ||
| Min pitch | 0.626 | ||||
| Pitch SD | – | – | – | – | |
| Average hyperpitch | 0.885 | ||||
| Max hyperpitch | 0.888 | ||||
| Min hyperpitch | 0.879 | ||||
| Hyperpitch SD | 0.523 | ||||
| Voiced amplitude average | 0.683 | –0.474 | |||
| High-Voiced amplitude average | 0.853 | ||||
| Formant 1 average | 0.879 | ||||
| Formant 1 max | 0.806 | ||||
| Formant 1 min | 0.81 | ||||
| Formant 1 SD | 0.421 | ||||
| Formant 2 average | – | – | – | – | |
| Formant 2 max | 0.611 | 0.509 | |||
| % Fricative frames | 0.564 | ||||
| % Long fricative segments | 0.43 | ||||
| % Voiced frames | 0.563 | ||||
| PCA RESULTS | |||||
| Eigenvalue | 7.14 | 5.1 | 2.82 | 2.39 | |
| Variance explained | 25.2% | 18.2% | 10.2% | 8.6% | |
PCA results are reported separately for each utterance.