Table 2.

Putative alterations in circuitry balance and function as a consequence of changes in the number of inhibitory neurons following TBI and epileptic seizures.

Interneuron Subtype in function	Putative alteration
Parvalbumin	Impaired perisomatic inhibition (Huusko and Pitkänen, 2014) and reduction of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSCs; Knopp et al., 2008)
	Loss of long range inhibition to adjacent cortical columns (Buriticá et al., 2009)
Calbindin	Hyperexcitability in Dentate gyral circuits and impaired dendritic inhibition of pyramidal cells (Maglóczky et al., 1997; Carter et al., 2008)
	Impaired columnar inhibition (Buriticá et al., 2009)
Calretinin	Impaired synchronization of dendritic inhibitory neurons.
	Inefficient control of excitatory inputs to pyramidal cells resulting in impaired synaptic plasticity and seizure generation (Toth et al., 2010)
Neuropeptide Y	Impaired dendritic inhibition (Huusko et al., 2015)
Somatostatin	Impaired dendritic projections to pyramidal cells resulting in hippocampal hyperexcitability and generation of epileptic seizures (Cossart et al., 2001).
Cholecystokinin	Impaired perisomatic inhibition (Huusko et al., 2015)

Functional consequences of loss of particular subsets of Inhibitory neurons following trauma and epilepsy (Table derived from information in Maglóczky et al., 1997; Cossart et al., 2001; Carter et al., 2008; Knopp et al., 2008; Buriticá et al., 2009; Toth et al., 2010; Huusko et al., 2015).