Table 1.
Similarities and differences between the K/BxN STA, CAIA, and CIA models.
| Feature | K/BxN STA model | CAIA model | CIA model |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase(s) | Effector | Effector | Immunization and effector |
| Susceptible strains | Multiple strains (6) | Multiple strains (100) | DBA1, B10Q, B10.QRIII, and C57BL/6 (less severe) (101) |
| Time to termination | 10–15 days normally (102) | 10–15 days normally (91) | 5–6 weeks (101) |
| Immunization (involvement of T- and B-cells) | No (4) | No (93) | Yes (101) |
| Antigen | G6PI (2) | Collagen II (91) | Collagen II (101) |
| Immunostimulatory components | None (102) | LPS (91) | CFA (103) |
| Autoantibodies | Main drivers – ICs formed systemically and in the joint (9) | Main drivers – ICs formed in the joint (12) | Yes (104) |
| Isotype of autoantibodies | IgG1 (11) | • IgG2a • IgG2b (93) |
IgG2a (104) |
| Fc receptors | • FcγR • FcγRIII • FcγRIIB (16) |
• FcγR • FcγRIII (94) |
• FcγR (105) • FcγRIII (106) • FcγRII (105) |
| Complement system | • C5aR (16) • Alternative pathway (16) |
• C5aR (95) • Alternative and classical pathways (98) |
• C5aR (107) • Alternative and classical pathways (108) |
| Important immune cells | • Neutrophils (25) • Macrophages (41) • Mast cells? (45, 46) |
• Neutrophils (96) | • Neutrophils (109) • Macrophages (110) • T cells (101) • B cells (101) |
| Pro-inflammatory cytokines | • TNF (57) • IL-1β (57) • G-CSF (39) • GM-CSF (43) • MIF (83, 84) • IL-17? (62, 63) |
• TNF (92) • IL-1β (92) • IL-4 (111) |
• TNF (80) • IL-1β (80) • G-CSF (109) • GM-CSF (112) • IL-6 (113) • IL-17 (114) |