Table 2.
Relationship of mediator concentrations between groups and correlation with CSF HIV-1 RNA.
| All subjects |
Discordant subjects |
Correlation with CSF HIV-1 RNA |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discordant (n = 19) | Non-discordant (n = 21) | p value | Low discordant (n = 8) | High discordant (n = 11) | p value | Spearman r | p value | |
| CCL2 | 1271 (872.8, 1582) | 944.5 (792.9, 1322) | 0.305 | 1139 (691.6, 1562) | 1271 (878.8, 1678.0) | 0.753 | 0.284 | 0.240 |
| CCL3 | 74.5 (58.0, 128.0) | 36.8 (30.8, 39.6) | <0.001 | 63.0 (46.6, 150.8) | 92.0 (66.5, 128.0) | 0.265 | 0.597 | 0.007 |
| CCL4 | 23.5 (16.0, 59.0) | 14.5 (13.0, 18.8) | 0.004 | 17.8 (15.3, 48.9) | 26.5 (22.5, 66.5) | 0.201 | 0.506 | 0.027 |
| CCL5 | 57.5 (25.0, 190.5) | 14.5 (11.5, 22.3) | <0.001 | 33.8 (22.1, 157.3) | 85.8 (31.5, 281.5) | 0.282 | 0.523 | 0.022 |
| CXCL10 | 6553 (4058, 7342) | 1249 (812.8, 2114) | <0.001 | 5136 (3067, 7260) | 7038 (4439, 7480) | 0.232 | 0.534 | 0.019 |
| ICAM | 296.0 (176.8, 622.5) | 71.5 (62.3, 93.8) | <0.001 | 286.0 (161.2, 525.7) | 325.0 (204.0, 774.0) | 0.528 | 0.449 | 0.054 |
| IFNy | 40.0 (32.0, 48.3) | 29.5 (24.5, 34.9) | 0.001 | 39.9 (32.1, 46.1) | 41.5 (32.0, 53.3) | 0.762 | 0.233 | 0.338 |
| IL10 | 26.5 (22.5, 33.0) | 17.5 (16.5, 19.5) | <0.001 | 25.8 (21.3, 28.1) | 31.0 (22.5, 37.8) | 0.455 | 0.471 | 0.042 |
| IL1a | 53.0 (39.8, 62.0) | 20.5 (18.0, 30.3) | <0.001 | 47.1 (36.6, 60.9) | 53.0 (43.5, 63.0) | 0.362 | 0.478 | 0.038 |
| IL1b | 9.0 (8.0, 11.0) | 7.0 (7.0, 7.8) | <0.001 | 8.8 (8.0, 9.9) | 9.5 (8.0, 14.5) | 0.453 | 0.269 | 0.265 |
| IL1RA | 15.0 (13.8, 17.5) | 13.5 (12.5, 14.0) | 0.001 | 15.0 (13.5, 15.5) | 16.0 (14.3, 24.8) | 0.264 | 0.348 | 0.144 |
| IL6 | 9.0 (8.0, 10.5) | 7.3 (6.6, 8.3) | 0.005 | 8.5 (7.9, 10.8) | 9.0 (7.9, 10.5) | 0.953 | 0.219 | 0.367 |
| IL8 | 125.5 (96.0, 169.5) | 63.0 (53.0, 79.4) | <0.001 | 119.4 (79.9, 145.4) | 128.5 (104.0, 117.3) | 0.636 | 0.322 | 0.179 |
| MMP2 | 1234 (959.6, 1335) | 941.4 (757.7, 1154) | 0.014 | 1186 (910.6, 1308) | 1263 (959.6, 1485) | 0.429 | 0.437 | 0.061 |
| MMP7 | 35.1 (26.7, 46.0) | 34.1 (22.1, 39.5) | 0.634 | 34.8 (28.8, 43.7) | 35.5 (25.7, 46.9) | 0.954 | 0.265 | 0.272 |
| MPO | 23.0 (17.5, 67.8) | 16.0 (13.0, 17.6) | 0.001 | 21.6 (16.4, 27.8) | 29.5 (21.3, 117.0) | 0.134 | 0.414 | 0.078 |
| TGFb | 82.8 (65.5, 99.8) | 55.0 (47.0, 65.1) | 0.003 | 91.9 (68.6, 134.1) | 82.8 (64.0, 94.0) | 0.236 | −0.097 | 0.692 |
| TNFR1 | 11,788 (8992, 14,874) | 7761 (7461, 9346) | 0.001 | 11,267 (9256, 13,491) | 11,788 (8444, 18,161) | 0.636 | 0.424 | 0.071 |
| TNFR2 | 3131 (2195, 4891) | 1032 (815.8, 1402) | <0.001 | 2477 (2159, 4492) | 3514 (2526, 7629) | 0.302 | 0.572 | 0.011 |
| TRAIL | 42.5 (36.5, 51.5) | 26.9 (29.4, 31.8) | <0.001 | 40.3 (35.4, 46.3) | 45.3 (37.3, 52.0) | 0.341 | 0.480 | 0.038 |
| VCAM | 5263 (4458, 5935) | 2222 (2831, 3629) | <0.001 | 4995 (4400, 5452) | 5508 (4835, 7190) | 0.232 | 0.579 | 0.009 |
Nineteen of 21 CSF mediators were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in discordant than non-discordant subject in univariate analysis. There were no significant differences between CSF mediator concentrations in samples with high (CSF HIV-1 RNA >1log10 plasma) versus low (0.5–1log10 plasma or ultrasensitive discordance) discordance (Table 2). Nine CSF mediator concentrations correlated with CSF HIV-1 RNA.
CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; RNA, ribonucleic acid. Values are median pg/μl (IQR). P values are by Mann-Whitney-U or Spearman r correlation.