Table 2.
Correlation microbial contaminants with different herbal preparations in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, from April 1 to May 25, 2013.
| Sample ID | Nature of sample/therapeutic claims | Scientific name | Isolated bacteria | Sample ID | Nature of sample/therapeutic claims | Scientific name | Isolated bacteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01A | Liquid: antigastric & GI problem | ND | Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter | 07A | Powder: antiabdominal problem | Cucurbita maxima | Bacillus spp. S. epidermidis, Citrobacter diversus |
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| 01B | Liquid: anticonstipation | ND | No | 08A | Powder: antiliver infection | Terminalia schimperiana | Providencia stuartii |
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| 01C | Powder: antihypertension & fungal infection | Dodonaea angustifolia | Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacillus spp., P. aeuroginosa | 08B | Powder: evil eye | Myrica salicifolia | E. coli, Bacillus spp. Providencia |
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| 01D | Powder: anti-heliments & sinus | Cucurbita maxima | S. aureus, S. dysenteriae, Providencia stwarti | 09A | Liquid: antiwound & fungal infection | Plumbago zeylanicum | Bacillus spp. & Enterobacter cloacae |
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| 01E | Powder: antiwound infection | Plumbago zeylanicum | Bacillus spp. | 09B | Powder: antiabdominal problem | ND | Citrobacter diversus, E. coli, S. dysenteriae, Bacillus spp. |
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| 01F | Powder: anti-HIV | Foeniculum vulgare | S. pyogen | 10A | Powder: anti-UTI infection | Clerodendrum myricoides | Enterobacter cloacae, K. pneumonia |
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| 01G | Powder: effective for menstrual abnormality | ND | Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter spp., S. dysenteriae | 10B | Powder: acts as pellagra | ND | Providencia,Citrobacter, K. ozaenae, Bacillus spp. |
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| 01H | Powder: effective against warts & bleeding | Calotropis procera | Bacillus spp. | 11A | Powder: antigastric | ND | Bacillus spp., S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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| 01I | Liquid: antiotitis media | Withania somnifera |
Salmonella spp., S. dysenteriae, E. coli,
K. pneumoniae |
11B | Powder: antiliver disease | ND | No growth |
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| 02A | Powder: effective for kidney and liver infections | Jestica schimperiana | Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia, Bacillus spp. | 12A | Liquid: effective for otitis media | Withania somnifera | S. aureus, S. pyogen, K. pneumonia, enterococci, K. ozaenae |
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| 02B | Powder: effective for kidney infections | Plumbago zelylanicum | Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter, Bacillus spp., E. coli | 13A | Liquid: swollen wound | Brucea antidysenterica | No growth |
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| 03A | Powder: antiwart & wound | ND | Enterobacter cloacae & K. ozaenzae | 13B | Powder: wound infection | Clerodendrum myricoides | S. aureus, Bacillus spp. |
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| 03B | Powder: antiasthma | Rumex abyssinicus |
Bacillus spp., S. aureus, P. aurognosa
Acinetobacter spp. |
13C | Powder: effective against liver disease | Thymus schimperi | Bacillus spp., S. epidermidis |
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| 03C | Powder: antiscar | ND | Bacillus spp. | 13D | Powder: rabbis virus | ND | S. saprophyticus & Bacillus spp. |
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| 03D | Liquid: antifungal | Dodonaea amgustifolica | Serratia | 14A | Powder: antiepilepsy | ND | S. aureus, Bacillus spp., K. pneumoniae, Citrobacter diversus |
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| 03E | Powder: antifungal & skin disease | Brucea antidysenterica | Providencia stuartii, E. coli, Serratia, Salmonella spp., S. dysenteriae | 14B | Powder: anticancer | Plumbago zeylanicum & ND | Serratia, E. coli, S. dysenteriae, Bacillus spp. |
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| 04A | Powder: antiwart | Cucumis prophetarum | Bacillus spp. | 15A | Powder: antiparalysis | ND | E. coli, K. pneumonia, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella spp., S. epidermidis |
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| 05A | Powder: antiwart | Plumbago zeylanicum | E. coli, S. dysenteriae, Enterobacter | 16A | Liquid: antidiarrheal | ND | S. pyogenes & Bacillus spp. |
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| 06A | Powder: acts as pellagra | Aloe vera | Enterobacter cloacae, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, K. pneumonia | 16B | Liquid: anti-intestinal parasites | Oxalis semiloba | S. pyogen |
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| 16C | Powder: anti-intestinal parasites | ND | Enterobacter cloacae | 18B | Powder: antiherpes zoster virus | ND | S. saprophyticus, K. pneumonia |
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| 16D | Powder: anti-intestinal parasites & food poisoning | ND | K. pneumonia, S. dysenteriae | 19A | Liquid: antirash | ND | Bacillus spp. |
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| 16E | Powder: antisinus & nose asthma | Myrica salicifolia | S. epidermidis, Bacillus spp. | 19B | Liquid: antiepilepsy | ND | Bacillus spp. |
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| 16F | Liquid: antiwound infection | Clerodendrum myricoides |
Bacillus spp. Enterobacter cloacae |
19C | Powder: antimalaria intestinal parasites & cancer | Croton macrostachyus | S. dysenteriae, K. pneumonia |
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| 16G | Powder: antiwound infection | Clerodendrum myricoides | S. dysenteriae, Bacillus spp. | 19D | Powder: antiwound | Clerodendrum myricoides | S. aureus, S. dysenteriae |
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| 17A | Powder: antiwound infection & diarrhea | ND | No growth | 19E | Powder: antifungal | Aloe vera |
K. pneumonia, Providencia stuarti, Serratia |
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| 17B | Powder: antigastric | ND |
S. aureus, K. pneumonia,
S. dysenteriae |
19F | Liquid: antiotitis media | Withania somnifera | No growth |
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| 18A | Powder: anti-intestinal parasites & burns | ND | Shigella dysenteriae, E. coli | 20A | Powder: antiepilepsy | ND | Citrobacter, Bacillus spp. |
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| 20B | Powder: antidiabetes & MTB | ND | E. coli, Bacillus spp. | ||||
ND: not yet determined, ID: identification number, the same number or ID indicates a single herbalist and spellings in front of numbers indicate different herbal medicines of the same herbalist.