Table 4. Univariate analysis of potential factors associated with VHD.

	Participants without VHD (n = 3872) mean ± SD or n (%)	Participants with VHD (n = 76) mean ± SD or n (%)	P Value
Demographics
Age (y)	67.41 ± 5.35	68.40 ± 5.85	<0.0001
Gender
Male (n = 1463)	1425 (36.80)	38 (50.00)	0.0183
Female (n = 2485)	2447 (63.20)	38 (50.00)
BMI	22.61 ± 3.70	22.71 ± 3.62	<0.0001
Behavior
Smoking (current or former) (n = 3117)	3050 (78.77)	67 (88.16)	0.0468
Drinking (n = 815)	800 (20.82)	15 (19.74)	0.8183
Coexistent disease
Hypertension (n = 1304)	1278 (33.06)	26 (34.21)	0.8324
Diabetes (n = 324)	319 (8.25)	5 (6.58)	0.5991
Dyslipidemia (n = 290)	282 (7.29)	8 (10.53)	0.2852
Coronary artery disease (n = 356)	336 (8.69)	20 (26.32)	<0.0001
Arrhythmia (n = 244)	228 (5.90)	16 (21.05)	<0.0001
Family history of cardiovascular disease (n = 543)	534 (13.94)	9 (11.84)	0.6014