Table 1. Summary of two-way ANOVA results of chemical and physical defensive traits and herbivory among two ontogenetic stages and seven latitudinal sites.

		Ontogenetic stage	Latitude	Ontogenetic stage × Latitude
Total phenolics	df	1	6	6
	F	9.905	31.228	4.737
	P	0.003**	<0.001***	0.001**
Total condensed tannin	df	1	6	6
	F	19.156	13.160	1.631
	P	<0.001***	<0.001***	0.168
Cellulose	df	1	6	6
	F	2.977	4.112	0.859
	P	0.093	0.003**	0.534
Hemicellulose	df	1	6	6
	F	2.742	2.061	0.943
	P	0.107	0.083	0.477
Lignin	df	1	6	6
	F	0.418	47.939	0.558
	P	0.522	<0.001***	0.760
LDMC	df	1	6	6
	F	2.292	27.911	1.538
	P	0.139	<0.001***	0.195
Herbivory (% leaf area loss)	df	1	6	6
	F	15.516	149.437	5.251
	P	<0.001***	<0.001***	<0.001***
Herbivory (% damaged leaf number)	df	1	6	6
	F	2.867	156.802	1.251
	P	0.0912	<0.001***	0.279

Significant effects are shown: ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05.