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. 2016 Jun 2;6:27409. doi: 10.1038/srep27409

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(a) CMA3 assay. Flow cytometric plots showing nuclei of spermatozoa stained with CMA3. CMA3 is a fluorochrome that detects protamine deficiency in loosely packed chromatin. (b,c) Thiol labelling assay. Mean fluorescence intensities in the Prm1^+/− sperm before and after DTT treatment were lower than those in the Prm1^+/+ sperm, indicating a lower content of free and total thiols in the Prm1^+/−sperm.