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. 2016 Jun 2;6:27409. doi: 10.1038/srep27409

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(a) Acrosome reaction (AR). The percentage of sperm with spontaneous ARs in the Prm1^+/− mice was significantly increased after sperm incubation for 90 min. (b) Motility of spermatozoa, showing a significant reduction of motility in the Prm1^+/− mice. (c) Cytogram of the mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential. JC-1 labels mitochondria with high membrane potential orange (JC-1 aggregates) and mitochondria with low membrane potential green (JC-1 monomers). Orange-stained sperm appear in the upper right quadrant; green-stained spermatozoa appear in the lower right quadrant. (d) Histogram of JC-1 staining. The red/green fluorescence ratio in the Prm1^+/− mice was significantly lower than that in the Prm1^+/+ mice. The percentage of sperm with a high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the Prm1^+/− mice was significantly lower than that in the Prm1^+/+ mice. (e) DNA microarray analysis. Both the scatter plot of the entire transcript cluster (72,688) and the scatter plot of the transcripts clusters with more than a 200% difference (495) between the Prm1^+/+ and Prm1^+/− mice showed similar expression profiles in the two mouse genotypes. Statistical analyses were performed using unpaired Student’s t-tests (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).