Figure 3. Behavioural response of Trissolcus brochymenae for evaluation of hierarchical value of host traces.

Mean (±SE) residence time of Trissolcus brochymenae females trained and tested on 2 consecutive leaf disk arenas contaminated with traces of Murgantia histrionica adults (combination “female-female, F_F” in figure A or “male-male, M_M” in figure B) at intervals of 24, 48, or 72 h (experienced, grey bar), F_24 h_F, N = 30, F_48 h_F, N = 28, F_72 h_F, N = 29; M_24 h_M , N = 27, M_48 h_M, N = 28, M_72 h_M, N = 30. As controls, T. brochymenae females tested at the same times as experienced females were used (white bars; naïve females). Asterisks indicate significantly different means within each pairwise combination (GLM, *P < 0.05).