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. 2016 May 24;7:11654. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11654

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(a) GFP and chlorophyll fluorescence imaged in leaf protoplasts from Arabidopsis wild-type plants (control) and vccn mutants transformed with AtVCCN-GFP fusions. Scale bars, 20 μm. (b,c) Localization of AtVCCN1 and AtVCCN2 in chloroplast and thylakoid subfractions by immunoblotting with an anti-GFP antibody. Chloroplasts (Clp), envelope (Env), stroma (Str), thylakoids (Thl), grana (Gr) and stroma lamellae (Str.L) were purified from leaves of plants transformed with AtVCCN1-GFP or AtVCCN2-GFP. Purity of the fractions was validated using antibodies against marker proteins for the respective compartments: chloroplast outer envelope membrane translocon complex Toc34 protein, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit RbcL, photosystem I subunit PsaB and photosystem II subunit CP43.