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. 2016 Jun 2;6:27336. doi: 10.1038/srep27336

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Gene expressions of TRAP (A), OSCAR (B), c-Fos (C) and NFATc1 (D) on non-treated media. Also shown with media treated with 20 μM GNPs, 7.32 μg/ml ALD or 20 μM GNPs-ALD media after osteoclast formation in control group. All groups were treated with 30 ng/ml M-CSF and 100 ng/ml RANKL for 5 days. Results are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments: **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, significant difference as compared with each other.