Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants
| Milk free group (n = 13) | Control group (n = 26) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caucasian ethnicity | 12 (92.3) | 26 (100) | 0.333† |
| Female sex | 4 (30.7) | 11 (42.3) | 0.728† |
| Mothers’ mean age, years | 32.0 | 32.4 | 0.872^ |
| Fathers’ mean age, years | 34.2 | 34.9 | 0.988^ |
| Highest education of parents | 0.598§ | ||
| Low (up to 12 years) | 3 (23) | 8 (30.7) | |
| Intermediate (>12 years, e.g. college) | 5 (38.5) | 6 (23) | |
| High (e.g. university) | 5 (38.5) | 12 (46.1) | |
| Allergies in family | |||
| Maternal atopy (A, AR or E)* | 11 (84.6) | 16 (61.5) | 0.269^ |
| Paternal atopy (A, AR or E)* | 7 (53.8) | 16 (61.5) | 0.736^ |
| Maternal food hypersensitivity | 2 (15.4) | 3 (11.5) | 1.000^ |
| Paternal food hypersensitivity | 2 (15.4) | 7 (26.9) | 0.689^ |
| Urban living environment | 2 (15.4) | 2 (7.7) | 0.589† |
| Mean number of siblings | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.000^ |
| Mean birth weight (g) | 3538 | 3476 | 0.738^ |
| Mean duration breastfeeding (months) | 1.75 | 2.68 | 0.189^ |
| Ever breastfed | 7 (53.8) | 22 (57.8) | 0.742† |
Data are expressed as number (percentage) unless indicated
†Chi square test of homogeneity unless indicated
^Mann–Whitney U test
§ANOVA F test