Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N = 251)
| Variable | Median (q1-q3) unless otherwise stated | Missing value, n |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70 (65–77) | - |
| Sex (men), n (%) | 152 (61) | - |
| Education (elementary/higher secondary/university), n (%) | 86 (34)/81 (32)/84 (34) | - |
| Social support (from partner/other than partner/none), n (%) | 156 (62)/92 (37)/3 (1) | - |
| Living alone (yes), n (%) | 66 (26) | - |
| PD duration (years) | 8 (5–13) | - |
| PD severity (H&Y) | 3 (2–3) | - |
| Freezing (FOGQsa item 3, dichotomized, yes), n (%)a | 139 (56 %) | 3 |
| Motor symptoms (UPDRS III) | 30 (22–39) | 4 |
| Cognitive function (MoCA) | 26 (22–28) | 6 |
| Depressive symptoms (GDS-15) | 2 (1–4) | 5 |
| Fall-related activity avoidance (mSAFFE) | 22 (18–31) | 11b |
| Fall-related activity avoidance (yes), n (%) | 102 (41) | 1 |
| Fear of falling (yes), n (%) | 121 (48) | 1 |
| Falls past 6 months (yes), n (%) | 110 (44) | - |
| Falls past 6 months in relation to H&Y stages (yes), n (%) | ||
| I, n = 50 | 16 (32) | - |
| II, n = 72 | 29 (40) | - |
| III, n = 67 | 31 (46) | - |
| IV + V, n = 62 | 34 (55) | - |
| Near falls past 6 months (yes), n (%) | 141 (57) | 3 |
| Near falls past 6 months among non-fallers (yes), n (%) | 51 (37) | 2 |
q1-q3 first-third quartile, PD Parkinson’s disease, H&Y Hoehn & Yahr (1–5, higher = worse), FOGQsa self-administered version of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, UPDRS III Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (motor examination, 0–108, higher = worse), MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment (0–30, higher = better); GDS-15 = Geriatric Depression Scale (0–15, higher = worse), mSAFFE modified Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (17–51, higher = more avoidance); aThose who scored ≥1 on item 3 of FOGQsa were classified as having freezing. bMissing value for total scores of mSAFFE