Table 3.
Factors associated with ulcerative sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men in Tamil Nadu, India (n = 721)
| Variable | Unadjusted PR syphilis (95% CI) | Adjusted PR syphilis (95% CI) | Unadjusted PR HSV-2 (95% CI) | Adjusted PR HSV-2 (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (per 5 year increase) | 1.33 (1.26, 1.40) | 1.34 (1.27, 1.40) | 1.23 (1.17, 1.29) | 1.23 (1.17, 1.28) |
| Highest level of education | ||||
| Secondary/university | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Primary | 1.03 (0.44, 2.44) | 0.89 (0.41, 1.92) | 0.68 (0.47, 0.98) | 0.69 (0.50, 0.94) |
| None | 0.47 (0.23, 0.96) | 0.55 (0.26, 1.18) | 0.49 (0.34, 0.72) | 0.64 (0.49, 0.85) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Unmarried | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Married | 1.79 (1.06, 3.02) | 1.14 (0.76, 1.73) | 1.45 (1.06, 1.97) | 1.03 (0.81, 1.32) |
| Monthly income | ||||
| < USD 40 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| USD 40–125 | 1.09 (0.55, 2.14) | – | 0.81 (0.66, 1.01) | – |
| > USD 125 | 1.34 (0.76, 2.37) | – | 0.59 (0.37, 0.92) | – |
| Number of male partners in the prior year | ||||
| ≤5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 6–15 | 1.74 (0.76, 4.0) | 1.59 (0.69, 3.67) | 1.49 (0.97, 2.29) | 1.58 (0.98, 2.54) |
| 16–49 | 2.08 (0.75, 5.74) | 1.78 (0.66, 4.8) | 1.48 (0.98, 2.25) | 1.44 (0.91, 2.28) |
| ≥50 | 3.43 (1.36, 8.66) | 2.76 (1.17, 6.52) | 2.07 (1.27, 3.35) | 1.96 (1.16, 3.32) |
| Unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in prior year | ||||
| Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Sometimes | 1.15 (0.70, 1.91) | 1.17 (0.74, 1.85) | 1.23 (0.91, 1.67) | 1.3 (0.97, 1.74) |
| Always | 0.57 (0.29, 1.12) | 0.57 (0.30, 1.09) | 1.26 (0.83, 1.92) | 1.33 (0.95, 1.85) |
| Commercial sex with male in prior year | ||||
| No | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Yes | 1.05 (0.68, 1.63) | – | 1.19 (0.92, 1.54) | – |
| Have at least one male main partner | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.01 (0.66, 1.55) | 1.30 (0.84, 2.01) | 0.97 (0.73, 1.29) | 1/09 (0.82, 1.43) |
| Sex with a woman in prior year | ||||
| No | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Yes | 0.86 (0.52, 1.42) | – | 0.94 (0.71, 1.24) | – |
| Ever had HIV test | ||||
| No | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Yes | 1.88 (0.86, 4.07) | – | 1.17 (0.84, 1.63) | – |
PR prevalence ratio, CI confidence interval estimated using robust standard errors; all variables listed were included in the final multivariate model; the decision not to include specific variables was based on statistical significance and collinearity between variables. For example, marriage and sex with women were too highly correlated to both be included