Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 2.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Neurophysiol. 2012 Feb 19;123(5):858–882. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.01.010

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Schematic illustration of peripheral motor latency (PML) calculation: (A) electric or magnetic stimulation of the proximal spinal nerve at the level of intervertebral foramen and (B) F-wave method. The studied nerve is electrically stimulated at the vicinity of the studied muscle. The orthodromic response (M-Wave) precedes the antidromic response of the spinal motoneurons (F-wave). F corresponds to the shortest F-wave latency and M equals the distal motor latency. One millisecond is subtracted to account for a central delay at the cell body of the motoneuron (modified from: Siebner HR, Ziemann U. Das TMS-Buch, Heidelberg: Springer Medizin Verlag, 2007, with kind permission of Springer Medizin Verlag).