Table 1.
Normative data for the upper limb examination.
Target muscle | Method | CML | PML | CMCT | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
First dorsal interossus | Cervical MS | 20.6–21.2 ± 1.8* | 14.0–14.9 ± 1.4* | 5.8–6.5 ± 1.1* | Kloten et al. (1992) |
Cervical MS | No data | 13.2 ± 1.5 | No data | Britton et al. (1990) | |
F-wave method | No data | 14.5 ±1.4 | No data | Britton et al. (1990) | |
Abductor digiti minimi | Cervical MS | 18.8 ±1.2 (f) | 11.8 ± 1.0 | 7.0 ± 0.8 | Chu (1989) |
Cervical MS | 19.7 ± 1.0 (m) | 12.7 ± 1.1 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | Chu (1989)) | |
Cervical MS | 14.0 ± 1.5 | 6.0 ± 0.9 | Claus (1990) | ||
Cervical MS | 20.5 ±1.2 | 7.0 ± 0.9 | Furby et al. (1992) (21–54 years) | ||
F-wave method | 6.1 ± 1.0 | Furby et al. (1992) (21–54 years) | |||
F-wave method | 7.2 ± 1.2 | Cicinelli et al. (1997a) | |||
F-wave method | 5.8 ± 0.8 | Claus (1990) | |||
Abductor pollicis brevis | Cervical MS | 21.8 ± 1.8 | 14.4 ± 1.4 | 7.2 ± 1.8 | Tabaraud et al. (1989) |
Cervical MS | 21.4 ±1.5 | 14.8 ± 1.2 | 6.6 ±1.4 | Ludolph et al. (1989) | |
Cervical MS | 20.2 ±1.6 | 7.9 ± 2.1 | Eisen and Shtybel (1990) | ||
F-wave method | 5.66 + 0.84 | Rossini et al. (1992) (16–35 years) | |||
F-wave method | 5.45 + 0.72 | Rossini et al. (1992) (51–86 years) | |||
Biceps brachii | Cervical MS | 10.8–11.4 ± 1.3* | 6.3–6.8 ± 1.1* | 4.5–4.6 ± 1.0* | Kloten et al. (1992) |
Cervical MS | 12.5 ± 1.2 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | Furby et al. (1992) (21–54 years) | ||
Cervical MS | 9.4 ± 1.7 | 6.0 ±1.2 | Eisen and Shtybel (1990) |
Cervical MS – cervical foraminal magnetic stimulation; CML – Corticomotor latency; PML – Peripheral motor latency; CMCT – Central motor conduction time.
Increase with age (age range: 19–60 years; (f) females; (m) males).