Table 1.

Sample Demographics and Clinical Characteristics

	CEC (n = 25) M (SD)	PTSD (n = 25) M (SD)	test statistic	p
Age	32.84 (7.77)	30.16 (7.80)	1.22	0.23
Years of Education	15.00 (2.20)	12.90 (1.21)	4.19	< .001
CES	18.16 (5.02)	20.44 (5.63)	−1.51	0.14
CAPS	10.88 (16.08)	68.76 (19.34)	−11.71	< .001
Intrusive	2.12 (3.47)	10.52 (11.25)	−3.57	< .01
Avoidance	3.28 (7.09)	15.40 (14.61)	−3.73	< .01
Hyperarousal	3.92 (7.11)	13.28 (11.26)	−3.51	< .01
PCL-M	25.68 (11.01)	54.20 (12.67)	−8.50	< .001
Ham-A	3.80 (5.09)	13.24 (6.60)	−5.66	< .001
Ham-D	4.00 (5.40)	11.56 (5.18)	−5.05	< .001
BDI	6.68 (7.73)	22.28 (10.09)	−6.13	< .001
	n (%)	n (%)
Gender (male)	22 (88%)	24 (96%)	1.09	0.30
Ethnicity (Caucasian)	13 (52%)	19 (76%)	4.88	0.14
Comorbidity
None	19 (76%)	15 (60%)	1.47	0.36
MDD	0 (0%)	3 (12%)	3.19	0.24
Alcohol Dependence	4 (16%)	1 (4%)	2.00	0.35
Agoraphobia without Panic	0 (0%)	2 (8%)	2.08	0.49
Multiplea	2 (8%)	4 (16%)	0.76	0.67
Medication Status
None	23 (92%)	18 (72%)	3.39	0.14
Antidepressant	1 (4%)	3 (12%)	1.09	0.61
Mood stabilizer	0 (0%)	1 (4%)	1.02	0.99
Combination regimenb	1 (4%)	3 (12%)	1.09	0.61

Note. CEC = combat exposed controls; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; CES = Combat Exposure Scale; CAPS = Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; PCL-M = PTSD Checklist – Military version; Ham-A = Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety; Ham-D = Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; MDD = Major Depression Disorder. Group comparisons were performed using independent t-tests except gender, ethnicity, comorbidity, and medication status which were calculated using Fisher’s Exact Test due to low cell count.

^aconsists of a combination of MDD, Alcohol Dependence, Agoraphobia without Panic, Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, or Obsessive Compulsive Disorder;

^bconsists of a combination of antidepressants, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines or antipsychotics.