Table 2.
Age-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between gene methylation status, global methylation status, and body mass index (BMI) and 15-year all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality among a population-based sample of 1308 women with a first primary breast cancer, Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project
| All-cause mortality |
Breast cancer-specific mortality |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. deaths/cases | HR | 95 % CI | No. deaths/cases | HR | 95 % CI | |
| Gene methylationa,b | ||||||
| APC | ||||||
| Unmethylated | 138/413 | 1.00 | Reference | 52/413 | 1.00 | Reference |
| Methylated | 148/387 | 1.17 | (0.93, 1.48) | 72/387 | 1.53 | (1.07, 2.20) |
| BRCA1 | ||||||
| Unmethylated | 113/347 | 1.00 | Reference | 37/347 | 1.00 | Reference |
| Methylated | 190/504 | 1.30 | (1.03, 1.64) | 92/504 | 1.78 | (1.22, 2.62) |
| CDH1 | ||||||
| Unmethylated | 255/721 | 1.00 | Reference | 107/721 | 1.00 | Reference |
| Methylated | 19/44 | 1.35 | (0.85, 2.15) | 7/44 | 1.22 | (0.57, 2.63) |
| CYCLIND2 | ||||||
| Unmethylated | 207/615 | 1.00 | Reference | 89/615 | 1.00 | Reference |
| Methylated | 67/150 | 1.19 | (0.90, 1.57) | 25/150 | 1.27 | (0.81, 1.99) |
| DAPK | ||||||
| Unmethylated | 231/657 | 1.00 | Reference | 94/657 | 1.00 | Reference |
| Methylated | 43/108 | 0.99 | (0.71, 1.38) | 20/108 | 1.25 | (0.77, 2.04) |
| ESR1 | ||||||
| Unmethylated | 163/460 | 1.00 | Reference | 67/460 | 1.00 | Reference |
| Methylated | 139/383 | 1.06 | (0.84, 1.33) | 62/383 | 1.13 | (0.80, 1.60) |
| GSTP1 | ||||||
| Unmethylated | 177/552 | 1.00 | Reference | 71/552 | 1.00 | Reference |
| Methylated | 97/213 | 1.56 | (1.22, 2.00) | 43/213 | 1.85 | (1.27, 2.71) |
| HIN1 | ||||||
| Unmethylated | 97/284 | 1.00 | Reference | 38/284 | 1.00 | Reference |
| Methylated | 177/481 | 1.09 | (0.85, 1.40) | 76/481 | 1.18 | (0.80, 1.74) |
| CDKN2A | ||||||
| Unmethylated | 267/747 | 1.00 | Reference | 111/747 | 1.00 | Reference |
| Methylated | 12/30 | 5.30d | (2.03, 13.81) | 10/30 | 2.28 | (1.19, 4.35) |
| PR | ||||||
| Unmethylated | 260/749 | 1.00 | Reference | 103/749 | 1.00 | Reference |
| Methylated | 43/102 | 1.36 | (0.98, 1.88) | 26/102 | 0.70d | (0.30, 1.63) |
| RARB | ||||||
| Unmethylated | 193/554 | 1.00 | Reference | 73/554 | 1.00 | Reference |
| Methylated | 81/211 | 1.89d | (1.14, 3.14) | 41/211 | 1.50 | (1.02, 2.20) |
| RASSF1A | ||||||
| Unmethylated | 34/113 | 1.00 | Reference | 13/113 | 1.00 | Reference |
| Methylated | 240/652 | 1.21 | (0.84, 1.74) | 101/652 | 1.42 | (0.80, 2.53) |
| TWIST1 | ||||||
| Unmethylated | 223/649 | 1.00 | Reference | 91/649 | 1.00 | Reference |
| Methylated | 51/116 | 1.25 | (0.91, 1.70) | 23/116 | 1.58 | (1.00, 2.50) |
| Global methylation | ||||||
| LUMA | ||||||
| <Median (0.556) | 124/366 | 1.00 | Reference | 58/366 | 1.00 | Reference |
| ≥Median | 216/689 | 0.94 | (0.75, 1.18) | 90/689 | 0.81 | (0.58, 1.13) |
| LINE1 | ||||||
| ≥Median | 160/517 | 1.00 | Reference | 66/517 | 1.00 | Reference |
| <Median (78.735) | 183/547 | 1.06 | (0.85, 1.31) | 83/574 | 1.18 | (0.86, 1.63) |
| BMIc | ||||||
| All women | ||||||
| BMI < 25 kg/m2 | 170/584 | 1.00 | Reference | 77/584 | 1.00 | Reference |
| BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2 | 142/423 | 0.98 | (0.79, 1.23) | 59/423 | 1.05 | (0.75 1.49) |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 129/301 | 1.36 | (1.08, 1.71) | 58/301 | 1.63 | (1.15, 2.30) |
Xu et al. [18] previously reported age-adjusted associations for APC, BRCA1, and CDKN2A, with follow-up through 2005 [7]
Cho et al. 2010 previously reported age-adjusted associations for CYCLIND2, DAPK, GSTP1, HIN, RARβ, RASSF1A, and TWIST1, with follow-up through 2005 [8]
Cleveland et al. 2007 previously reported age- and hypertension-adjusted associations for pre- and postmenopausal pre-diagnostic BMI, with follow-up though 2002 [32]
Proportional hazard assumption violated. Exposure*time interactions (p < 0.05) included in model