Table 4.
Association (HR (95% CI))1 between opioid use and incident depression relapse, unweighted and weighted by inverse probability of opioid use exposure
| VA patients (n=5,400) | BSWH patients (n=842) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 Unweighted data | Model 2 Weighted data | Model 3 Weighted data + pain | Model 1 Unweighted data | Model 2 Weighted data | Model 3 Weighted data + pain | |
| Opioid use: yes | 1.87 (1.74–2.02) | 2.20 (2.04–2.37) | 2.17 (2.01–2.34) | 1.50 (1.19–1.88) | 1.81 (1.46–2.26) | 1.77 (1.42–2.21) |
| Arthritis | -- | -- | 0.95 (0.88–1.04) | -- | -- | 1.01 (0.80–1.29) |
| Back pain | -- | -- | 1.30 (1.20–1.41) | -- | -- | 1.09 (0.87–1.36) |
| Headache | -- | -- | 1.09 (1.00–1.18) | -- | -- | 1.44 (1.14–1.80) |
| Musculoskeletal pain | -- | -- | 1.12 (0.92–1.11) | -- | -- | 1.16 (0.92–1.48) |
| Neuropathy | -- | -- | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | -- | -- | 1.04 (0.75–1.44) |
| Pain Score | -- | -- | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) | -- | -- | -- |
1
HR=hazard ratio; CI=confidence interval