Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants and comparison by study arm.
| Variables | Total (N=25) | Control (n=14) | Intervention (n=11) | P | ||
| Sociodemographics | ||||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 71.7 (11.2) | 74.4 (10.4) | 68.4 (11.8) | .19 | ||
| Gender (male), n (%) | 16 (64) | 9 (64) | 7 (64) | .97 | ||
| Race (white), n (%) | 22 (88) | 13 (93) | 9 (82) | .40 | ||
| Married, n (%) | 11 (44) | 7 (50) | 4 (36) | .50 | ||
| Lives alone, n (%) | 10 (40) | 6 (43) | 4 (36) | .74 | ||
| Education (≥1 years of college), n (%) | 18 (72) | 11 (79) | 7 (63) | .41 | ||
| Technology use and attitudes | ||||||
| Internet user, n (%) | 16 (64) | 10 (71) | 6 (55) | .38 | ||
| Mobile phone ownership, n (%) | ||||||
| No mobile phone | 3 (7) | 1 (7) | 2 (18) | .69 | ||
| Cellphone | 18 (72) | 11 (79) | 7 (64) | |||
| Smartphone | 4 (16) | 2 (14) | 2 (18) | |||
| Medication adherence | ||||||
| MOS-Adhere (adherent), n (%) | 18 (72) | 11 (79) | 7 (64) | .41 | ||
| Using a medication reminder tool, n (%) | 18 (72) | 11 (79) | 7 (64) | .41 | ||
| Health status | ||||||
| NYHA Functional Classification, n (%) | ||||||
| Class I | 12/24 (50) | 11/13 (85) | 1 (9) | .001 | ||
| Class II | 10/24 (42) | 1/13 (8) | 9 (82) | |||
| Class III | 2/24 (8) | 1/13 (8) | 1 (9) | |||
| Class IV | ||||||
| Self-rated health, n (%) | ||||||
| Poor | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 1 (9) | .68 | ||
| Fair | 11 (44) | 6 (43) | 5 (46) | |||
| Good | 10 (40) | 5 (36) | 5 (46) | |||
| Very good | 2 (8) | 2 (14) | 0 (0) | |||
| Excellent | 1 (4) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | |||
| Depression (PHQ-8), mean (SD) | 5.0 (4.8) | 3.5 (4.6) | 6.8 (4.5) | .08 | ||
| Health-related quality of life (MLHFQ), mean (SD)a | ||||||
| MLHFQ total score | 34.3 (25.6) | 26.2 (23.1) | 43.7 (25.9) | .10 | ||
| MLHFQ physical score | 15.7 (12.7) | 10.8 (11.4) | 21.9 (11.8) | .03 | ||
| MLHFQ emotional score | 6.5 (6.7) | 5.9 (6.2) | 7.2 (7.7) | .65 | ||
aThe MLHFQ is scored so that higher values indicate an adverse impact on quality of life.