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. 2016 Feb 14;7(8):8556–8579. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.7388

Figure 14. The role of miRNA regulation and DNA methylation on gender specific aging mechanisms based on the specific core GEN of old women.

Figure 14

In the aging process, DDIT3, MAX, TAOK3, TRAF6, MAP2K3, MAPKAPK2, RPS6KA5, and FOS are involved in the MAPK signaling pathway and TRAF6, MAP2K3, MYD88, TLR9, and FOS are involved in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. In order to overcome the dysfunction caused by accumulated genetic mutations during the aging process, the transcription factor FOS and DDIT3 can be activated by a wide variety of stress signals, including the MAPK signaling and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. This results in various cellular responses, including immune system activation, cell proliferation, metabolism, cell communication, cell transport, biological regulation, and response to stimulus. In this figure, the light blue blocks represent the proteins involved in the indicated pathways, the deep green nodes represent the TFs, the deep blue blocks represent the TFs target genes, the light green nodes represent the miRNAs, the red nodes represent DNA methylation of genes, the yellow nodes represent the mutation of genes, arrows represent activation of proteins, and the link represents interaction between these two proteins.