TABLE 1.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Children Hospitalized With TBI

	Total	Any Outpatient Rehabilitationa	No Outpatient Rehabilitationa	Crude RR (95% CI)b
Patient characteristics	N = 9361	N = 2706	N = 6648
Gender
Boy	65%	63%	66%	Ref
Girl	35%	37%	34%	0.9 (0.9–1.0)
Race/ethnicity
NHW	51%	53%	50%	Ref
NHB	28%	27%	29%	0.8 (0.8–1.0)
Hispanic	7%	7%	7%	1.0 (0.8–1.2)
Other	14%	13%	14%	1.1 (1.0–1.3)
Age categories, y
0–4	29%	28%	30%	Ref
5–9	15%	13%	16%	1.0 (0.9–1.1)
10–14	15%	15%	16%	1.2 (1.1–1.3)
15–20	40%	45%	38%	2.3 (2.1–2.5)
Max AIS head
1, minor	2%	2%	2%	Ref
2, moderate	36%	27%	40%	0.9 (0.7–1.2)
3, serious	26%	26%	26%	1.2 (0.9–1.5)
4, severe	33%	41%	30%	1.4 (1.0–1.8)
5, critical	2%	4%	1%	2.8 (1.8–4.3)
Max AIS without head
1, minor	33%	24%	38%	Ref
2, moderate	21%	19%	22%	1.3 (1.2–1.5)
3, serious	21%	34%	16%	2.4 (2.1–2.8)
4, severe	2%	4%	2%	2.5 (1.9–3.2)
5, critical	2%	3%	1%	2.0 (1.6–2.6)
Isolated TBI	20%	17%	21%	0.7 (0.6–0.8)
LOS days median (IQR25–75)	3 (2–6)	7 (3–18)	2 (1–4)	1.0 (1.0-1.0)
Plan typec
Fee for service	49%	59%	45%	Ref
Capitated	51%	41%	55%	0.7 (0.6–0.8)
Receipt of any inpatient rehabilitation	45%	74%	32%	4.1 (3.7–4.5)
Discharge status
Home	84%	64%	93%	Ref
Home under care	4%	9%	2%	3.0 (2.5–3.5)
Short-term facility	5%	12%	2%	2.9 (2.6–3.4)
Inpatient rehabilitation	4%	11%	1%	3.5 (3.1–4.0)
Long-term facility	1%	3%	1%	2.8 (2.1–3.6)
Other	2%	1%	1%	1.8 (1.1–3.0)

LOS, length of stay; Ref, reference category.

^aAny outpatient rehabilitation over the 3-year follow-up period.

^bRR calculated using modified Poisson regression clustering by institution and accounting by exposure (enrollment months).

^cCapitated plans can be partially or fully capitated.