FIGURE 2.

miRNA and proteasome mediated degradation of WRKYs in different conditions. Under normal condition, stress responsive WRKYs are tightly regulated by various mechanisms and after getting stress stimulus they are phosphorylated/activated by different mechanisms to regulate downstream genes. miRNA either lead to degradation or translational inhibition of WRKYs to regulate unwanted expression. An example of regulation/degradation of HaWRKY6 by miR396 cascade is shown. Also proteasome mediated degradation of AtWRKY45, VpWRKY11, and AtWRKY53 by UPS, EIRP1, and UPL5 has been shown, respectively. Single color has been given to all the factors involved in a paricular cascade. After onset of stress these WRKYs are phosphorylated by different MAPKs and they in turn regulate expression of downstream stress responsive genes. Abbreviations: UPL5: Ubiquitin protein ligase 5, UPS: nuclear ubiquitin-proteasome system, EIRP1: Erysiphe necator-induced RING finger protein 1, MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase; Ub, Ubiquitin; RISC, RNA isolated silencing complex.