Table 2.
Germplasm-wide variations in total phenylpropanoid constituents in staple cereals.
| Germplasm (no.) | Variation for flavonoids | References |
|---|---|---|
| FLAVONOID | ||
| Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) | ||
| Landraces (37) | 0.47–1.23 mg catechin equival. (CE) mg g−1 dry weight (DW) | Abidi et al., 2015 |
| Hulled and hull-less (11) | 27–66 mg quercetin equiv. (QUE) g−1 extract | Mahmoudi et al., 2015 |
| Rice (Oryza sativa L.) | ||
| Diverse accessions (20) | 0.19–3.28 and 0.20–3.54 mg CE g−1 DW in two seasons | Shao et al., 2014a |
| Cultivars with pigmented and non-pigmented grains (11) | 0.0012–0.0258 mg QE g−1 bran; higher flavonoid in pigmented than non-pigmented; greater flavanol in black-colored indica than black-colored japonica | Huang and Ng, 2012 |
| Black, red, and white grains (481) | 0.89–2.86 mg Rutin equiv. (RE) g−1 DW, average values greater in black (0.24 mg) than red (0.15 mg) and white (0.13 mg) grains | Shen et al., 2009 |
| Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) | ||
| Black, purple, and white grains (4) | 0.236–0.319 mg RE g−1 DW, with black grains being highest in flavonoid | Li et al., 2015 |
| FLAVONE AND FLAVANONE | ||
| Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Conrad Moench) | ||
| Colored grains (12) | Flavone: 0.008–0.1 mg g−1 DW; flavanone: 0.008–0.048 mg g−1 DW | Dykes et al., 2009 |
| Black grained lines and hybrids (8) | Flavone: 0.018–0.056 mg g−1 DW; flavanone: 0.089–0.119 mg g−1 DW | Dykes et al., 2013 |
Original data on phenylpropanoid constituents given in papers cited here were converted and presented into mg g-1 dry weight.