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. 2016 Jun 3;6:26953. doi: 10.1038/srep26953

Figure 4.

Figure 4

(a) Convective time scale, Δt = D/U, of the oil-in-water emulsions (of speed U and length D) for different flow rates. The dashed line indicates the average critical convective time, Δt*, of the oil droplets. When Δt < Δt* the oil droplets are intact, passing without changing their dynamics, whereas for Δt > Δt*, the droplets alter their morphologies with unstable lubrication film after traveling the hydrophobized section. (b) The critical capillary number for the oil droplets to cause the adhesion on the hydrophobic surface in the capillary. The solid line indicates a power-law fit of Ca* ~ (D/λ)β, where λ is the length of the hydrophobized session, ≈10 d.