Figure 1.

Schematic representation of our hypothesis. The visuomotor map is the relationship between the target direction and hand movement direction. A, In ordinary situations, these two directions are almost identical. B, If the map can be distorted (represented by a blue solid line), a voluntary reaching movement toward three targets should always result in the same hand movement directed to 0°. Participants cannot voluntarily change the movement direction even if they try. C, D, We hypothesized that online movement correction to a target jump (C) and offline movement correction observed after imposing visual rotation (D) also cannot be changed appropriately.